Chain-wide initiative for plant-based protein in cold greenhouses in Flanders

General introduction

The KIPEi project shows that while growing protein crops such as edamame, chickpeas and dry beans in temporarily unused cold greenhouses is technically possible, it is economically weak. It is highly dependent on climatic conditions as well as market opportunities. Despite some challenges about the cultivation itself, such as ripening in the more humid greenhouse climate, certain crops such as fresh and early edamame do offer potential for marketing to restaurants and specialty stores. This provides an alternative for growers struggling with soil fungal problems such as Fusarium during the summer months.

Research approach

Through a grower network, interested greenhouse growers, both conventional and organic, got help to start growing various protein crops in their cold greenhouses. Practical advice was shared during farm visits and meetings, and cost-benefit analyses provided insight into the economic feasibility. In addition, discussions were held with buyers to support chain development and explore sales opportunities.

Relevance/Valorisation

Field trials showed strong variation in yield depending on the season and the crop. In 2022, a hot and dry summer, dry beans achieved 1 ton/ha and chickpeas 5 ton/ha. In 2023, a moderate and humid summer, dry bean yields ranged between 2.7-4 tons/ha, edamame between 7-11.8 tons of fresh pods/ha, and chickpea averaged 3.4 tons/ha, albeit with variable quality. Greenhouse cultivation offers potential, but competition with cheaper outdoor cultivation means the focus is on niche markets such as restaurants and specialty stores. This may help greenhouse growers diversify their income during the summer and reduce the amount of time that the greenhouse stands empty.