Uittreksel
Here we give an overview of the current status of phytoplasma diseases, their vectors and recent
research efforts in Belgium, UK and The Netherlands.
Belgium
In 1981, apple proliferation (AP, associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, EPPO A2 list) was
discovered for the first time in Belgium. Until recently symptomatic trees had sporadically been
reported and found infected but they were subsequently destroyed. In 2009 two samples collected in a
nursery in the south-west of Belgium tested positive by PCR. Infected trees as well as adjacent trees
have been uprooted and burned to prevent disease spread.
Symptoms of pear decline had been observed in the past in some orchards but the presence of
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ (EPPO A2 List) was never confirmed by molecular tests. In 2010 and
2011 a limited survey was carried out in a few commercial and non-commercial orchards (apple and
pear) and revealed the presence of both quarantine organisms in root (AP) and leaf samples (PD).
Psyllids were collected as well and identified. Following Cacopsylla sp. were found: C. mali, C.
melanoneura and C. picta in apple, C. melanoneura, C. peregrina, C. affinis and C. crataegi in adjacent
hawthorn hedges, C. pyri and C. pyricola in pear. Further research and official inspection of orchards
and nurseries is currently on going and preliminary results will be presented.
The Netherlands
Both diseases are also present in the Netherlands - AP at low incidence, PD at moderate rate - as well
as the vector species C. melanoneura, C. pyri and C. pyricola. Another phytoplasma was detected in
gladiolus and hyacinth – ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ – as well as its vector Macrosteles
sexnotatus.
United Kingdom
In the UK, phytoplasmas are detected only sporadically in minor crops. However imported
poinsettias contain phytoplasma but this does not constitute a disease.
research efforts in Belgium, UK and The Netherlands.
Belgium
In 1981, apple proliferation (AP, associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, EPPO A2 list) was
discovered for the first time in Belgium. Until recently symptomatic trees had sporadically been
reported and found infected but they were subsequently destroyed. In 2009 two samples collected in a
nursery in the south-west of Belgium tested positive by PCR. Infected trees as well as adjacent trees
have been uprooted and burned to prevent disease spread.
Symptoms of pear decline had been observed in the past in some orchards but the presence of
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ (EPPO A2 List) was never confirmed by molecular tests. In 2010 and
2011 a limited survey was carried out in a few commercial and non-commercial orchards (apple and
pear) and revealed the presence of both quarantine organisms in root (AP) and leaf samples (PD).
Psyllids were collected as well and identified. Following Cacopsylla sp. were found: C. mali, C.
melanoneura and C. picta in apple, C. melanoneura, C. peregrina, C. affinis and C. crataegi in adjacent
hawthorn hedges, C. pyri and C. pyricola in pear. Further research and official inspection of orchards
and nurseries is currently on going and preliminary results will be presented.
The Netherlands
Both diseases are also present in the Netherlands - AP at low incidence, PD at moderate rate - as well
as the vector species C. melanoneura, C. pyri and C. pyricola. Another phytoplasma was detected in
gladiolus and hyacinth – ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ – as well as its vector Macrosteles
sexnotatus.
United Kingdom
In the UK, phytoplasmas are detected only sporadically in minor crops. However imported
poinsettias contain phytoplasma but this does not constitute a disease.
| Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage | Fytoplasma ziekten en hun vectoren in het Verenigd Koninkrijk, Nederland en België |
|---|---|
| Oorspronkelijke taal | Engels |
| Titel | COST ACTION FA0807 FINAL MEETING abstract book |
| Publicatiedatum | 29-sep.-2013 |
| Publicatiestatus | Gepubliceerd - 29-sep.-2013 |
| Evenement | COST meeting FA0807 - Integrated Management of Phytoplasma Epidemics in Different Crop Systems - Lisboa, Portugal Duur: 29-sep.-2013 → 1-okt.-2013 http://www.costphytoplasma.eu/ |